Rotigotine, a nonergot dopamine agonist, has been developed as a novel transdermal formulation. The rotigotine transdermal patch has received EMA and FDA marketing authorization for the treatment of adult patients with early or advanced Parkinson’s disease or with moderate-to-severe restless legs syndrome (RLS). This review comprises an overview of the pharmacokinetics, the pharmacodynamics and...

OBJECTIVE To deliver 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in a relatively large dose through a transdermal route and facilitate the practical application of microemulison in transdermal drug delivery. METHODS The pseudo-ternary phase diagram for microemulsion regions was constructed using isopropyl myristate as oil phase, Labrasol(®) as surfactant, and Plurol(®) Oleique CC 497 as cosurfactant. A...

Fentanyl citrate is a potent opioid that can be delivered by the transdermal route in cats and dogs. Publications regarding transdermal fentanyl patches were obtained and systematically reviewed. Seven studies in cats and seven studies in dogs met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Dogs achieved effective plasma concentrations approximately 24 hours after patch application. Cats achieve...

background cancer pain may be a major problem for health care providers worldwide. according to different studies reporting the pain severity, one-third of patients reported to have moderate to severe pain. management of cancer pain is one of the most important goals of palliative care. recently, different research results on the efficacy of opioid analgesics in chronic pain management have pla...

here we report a novel approach for preparation of a 6-day transdermal drug delivery system (tdds) as treatment for mild to moderate alzheimer’s disease. the spray drying method was used to prepare microparticles containing the anti-alzheimer drug. the content of the drug was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method. the morphology and size range of the microparticles ...

the aim of the present study was to develop and investigate the feasibility of delivering nebivolol as a transdermal patch by iontophoresis. the passive and electrically assisted transdermal delivery of nebivolol hydrochloride by iontophoresis will improve the therapeutic efficacy and overcome the difficulties raised in oral drug delivery. because of its extensive hepatic metabolism and low dos...

background: the purpose of this study was to determine the optimal endometrial preparation protocol by comparing the clinical outcome of two methods of endometrial preparation in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (fet) cycles, including that is, oral estradiol and 17ß-estradiol transdermal patch. methods: in this randomized controlled trial, women underwent either conventional ivf or intracytoplasm...